What is the most effective way to clean glass apparatus?

What is the most effective way to clean glass apparatus?

• A. Soaking in detergent
• B. Treatment with sodium chromate in sulfuric acid
• C. Rinsing with nitric acid
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Glassware often needs a sequence of treatments because different contaminants respond to different cleaners. Detergent soaking is the first line of attack, loosening and removing oils, grease, and general grime that cling to surfaces. When residues are stubborn or there are mineral or organic films that detergent can’t fully remove, an oxidizing acid clean helps—a strong oxidant solution denatures and dissolves remaining contaminants, restoring clarity to the surface. Finally, a rinse with nitric acid can help remove trace metal ions and any last traces of residue, leaving glass cleaner and more inert for subsequent experiments. Because each method targets different kinds of buildup, using them in combination provides the most thorough cleaning.